It is harshly real. The day will come when men will see the UN and what it means clearly. Everything will be all right - you know when? When people, just people, stop thinking of the United Nations as a weird Picasso abstraction, and see it as a drawing they made themselves. The UN currently has states as its members.
Article 24 of the UN Charter grants the SC the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security on the understanding that in carrying out its responsibilities, the SC acts on behalf of the members of the UN. As a means to resolving conflicts in the anarchic International System IS , the UN has resorted to the use of peacekeeping as an instrument to counter conflict. Peacekeeping is the deployment of people to help the parties to a conflict to resolve their differences peacefully.
The presence of these people, soldiers, military observers or civilian police, encourage hostile groups not to use arms and instead to keep negotiating for peaceful settlement of disputes. Since then, there have been a total of 63 UN peacekeeping operations around the world. United Nations Peacekeeping. United Nations 3 United Nations. For them the relatively straightforward tasks of merely policing agreements between states are not an option.
Their own motives have been called into question, and the motives of different states engaged in the same operation have not always been consistent. This was not because Africa was devoid of conflict situations warranting UN response but rather due to the Cold War. Both sides of the ideological divide had their own interests in Africa hence the unlikelihood of reaching a consensus in the SC so as to run a peacekeeping mission in response to civil wars in Mozambique, Angola or Ethiopia.
It is no wonder that most of the UN operations that have taken place in Africa have occurred in the post-cold war era. Soon after, unsuccessful withdrawal from Somalia and failure to stop the genocide in Rwanda led to the retrenchment and reassessment of UN operations in Africa7.
Simultaneously, a debate about possible increased cooperation with regional organizations emerged. Two of the most notable successes of the UN occurred in southern Africa. Clapham 7 Boulden, J.
The s saw the declining of the resources available to the UN for peace operations in Africa after the debacles in Angola that led to the withdrawal of its peacekeepers from Angola in and Since , the SC has adopted seven resolutions related to Darfur, where the ongoing conflict has claimed the lives of more than , civilians and reduced 2.
In Somalia, the civil war which began in has destabilised the country despite fourteen peace agreements. But on both battle fronts the world body is unable or unwilling to bring peace and stability either for political or logistical reasons.
Baregu and Landsberg, p. Kofi Annan criticised member states for their unwillingness to provide unconditional support for peacekeeping operations. Speaking to a journalist in New York in March , he affirmed that he could understand why some countries would not put troops on the ground in Darfur for reasons that he thought could be acceptable but he stated that he could not understand why the countries could not spare a couple of helicopters which would be effective in sustaining the operations.
Annan also warned of a new impending danger: the UN was taking over far too many peace missions which it may be incapable of handling. This is in light of the increasing number of global conflicts which are mostly occurring in Africa and Asia.
The UN currently has seventeen peacekeeping operations and these include large scale missions in Africa. In all this, the UN has inadequate troops, military equipment, funds and the political will of member states. The Horn of Africa is one of the most conflict infested spots in Africa yet the UN was forced to withdraw from Eritrea and relocate its troops because of non-cooperation by Eritrean government.
In cases of this sort, which characteristic of larger United Nations-au All Rights Reserved. DMCA All papers are for research and reference purposes only!
Create a new account It's simple, and free. Email address. Login with Facebook. Details 15 Pages Words. Criticisms of the United Nations The United Nations as Legitimating Instrument The most common criticism of the United Nations is that it is incapable of taking decisive action on its own. More on Criticisms of the United Nations Criticisms of the United Nations.
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